Even in ancient times, attempts were made to prevent the misuse and adulteration of wine quality through appropriate laws and regulations. There is written evidence of this from many authors in the relevant literature. The oldest wine law in this regard, with strict penalties for non-compliance, was passed by the Babylonian ruler Hammurabi (1728-1686 BC), whose empire at the time covered almost the whole of Mesopotamia.
The law of the Roman Republic also regulated the sale (especially the wholesale trade) of wine and defined in the individual laws what guarantee of quality the buyer could expect and how the wine could be marketed. In the "Lex Salica"(Salic Law) issued by the Merovingian King Clovis I (466-511), viticultural matters were also regulated, as viticulture was already widespread in what is now Germany at this time. Quality criteria and quality levels were already introduced in the individual countries in the early Middle Ages. Emperor Charlemagne (742-814) issued corresponding laws.
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