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Charlemagne

After the death of Pepin III the Short (714-768), his sons Carloman (751-771) and Charles (747/748-814) shared the throne. After the early death of his brother, Charles became the sole ruler of the Frankish Empire in 771. In numerous battles, he expanded his empire, the largest since the Roman Empire, over present-day France, Belgium, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, laying the foundation for a Christian Western world. On Christmas 800, he was crowned Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III (750-816) in Rome.

Charlemagne - Map of the Expansion of the Frankish Empire - Painting by A. Dürer

 

Capitulare de villis

In addition to trade, crafts, and agriculture, he promoted cultural development and the sciences, and also created a comprehensive legal order, including wine law matters. Furthermore, he promoted viticulture through numerous laws and donations of vineyards, as evidenced by numerous documents mostly to Roman Catholic monasteries or orders in over 50 locations. In the "Capitulare de villis vel curtis imperii Caroli Magni" (Regulation on the Administration of the Crown Lands) issued by him and recorded in 812, among other things, the three-field system, fruit cultivation, livestock breeding, and viticulture are regulated.

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