The small, whitish insects (Heliococcus bohemicus) belong to the scale insects. They mostly infest plant leaves during budding and suck plant sap. They excrete wax in the form of powder or threads and leave a sticky honeydew (excrement) on leaves and also grapes. They are also carriers of viruses. The species Pseudococcus, Planococcus and Pulvinaria transmit the Grapevine leafroll associated virus (GLRaV), which causes leafroll disease. Natural enemies are ichneumon wasps and ladybirds, which are bred and released for control in organic viticulture. Conventionally, pesticides are used. See also under vine enemies.
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