Term for generative, i.e. sexual propagation with the parentage of at least two different grape varieties, as is the case with new varieties, for example. One variety acts as the mother plant, on which the berries with the fertilised seeds ripen, while the other variety, as the father plant, supplies the pollen for pollination of the stigmas and fertilisation of the maternal ovules (see also flowering and hermaphrodite flowering). Since the mid-1990s, it has become standard practice to determine the parentage of grape varieties using DNA analyses. It is also possible to determine the direction of crossing (who was the mother variety, who was the father variety). In the breeding lists, the mother variety is always mentioned first in the form "mother x father". Four very successful new breeds are
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