The Italian legal scholar Petrus de Crescentiis or Pier(o) de Crescenzi (1230/1233-1320/1321) studied medicine and law at the University of Bologna and taught there as a professor. He also worked as a lawyer for several cities in northern Italy. In 1299 he retired to his country estate and carried out literary studies on the subjects of agriculture and botany. His work "Ruralia commoda" on horticulture and agriculture, also known as "Liber ruralium commodorum" (book on agriculture), was published between 1304 and 1309.
It is divided into 12 parts (books), the fourth of which deals with vines and winemaking. In the 16th century, almost 60 editions were published in Latin, Italian, French and German, some of which also contained many illustrations. The picture at the bottom right shows vine motifs that were issued as stamps and the picture at the bottom shows a calendar of the seasons, which is included in the 12th part of the work and describes the monthly activities over the course of a year. There are also some pictures relating to viticulture, including vineyard care (1), pruning (2) and crushing grapes with feet (3).
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