Term for a branch of molecular biology for the study of the structure of the genome (the entirety of the genetic material in an organism) and the function and interaction of genes (the genetic factors located in the chromosomes of each cell nucleus on the DNA strand). Genetic engineering or Genetic engineering is the application of genetic methods in practice and usually means artificial genetic manipulation with the aim of introducing desired, previously non-existent characteristics such as resistance to fungal diseases into an existing organism by the technically feasible implantation of individual replicated foreign genes from foreign organisms into the genome of a variety or breed.