Designation for a subfield of Molecular Biology for the study of the structure of the Genom (hereditary substance) and the function and interaction of genes Chromosome of each cell nucleus on the DNA strand). Genetic engineering or Gentechnik is the application of genetic methods for practice and usually means the artificial Genetic ManipulationGenmanipulation with the aim of introducing desired new, previously non-existent traits such as Resistenz to Pilzkrankheiten into an existing organism by implanting individual reconstructed foreign genes from unrelated organisms into the genome of a variety or breed.
Since the invention of the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) for amplifying the smallest amounts of DNA in the 1990s, grape varieties can now also be clearly defined using molecular genetic characterization methods. This has introduced the Genotyp into Ampelographie, which can contribute to clarifying many open questions as a complement to traditional, visually based ampelography on the Phänotyp.
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Dr. Christa Hanten
Fachjournalistin, Lektorin und Verkosterin, Wien