Chromosome

Chromosomes (ancient Greek chrōma = colour, sōma = body) are components of each individual cell of an organism (animals or humans, plants and fungi) with genetic information stored on them in the form of genes. The name (coloured body) is derived from the fact that these structures can be easily stained with basic dyes. Each chromosome is a long DNA chain in the form of a double helix with hundreds of genes that are linked together. A human cell usually contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, i.e. a total of 46 chromosomes, which are collectively referred to as the genome. These 23 pairs are of different lengths, each with different information. In a man, the 23rd pair is the sex-determining XY chromosome (in a woman it is XX with identical length).

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Chromosome

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