Term (also gene technology) for artificial biotechnology methods that enable targeted interventions in the genetic material (genome) and thus in the biochemical control processes of organisms. Sometimes a difference is seen between genetic engineering and genetic manipulation, but strictly speaking there is none. However, the term genetic manipulation expresses an even more critical attitude towards genetic engineering. In conventional usage, genetic manipulation refers to all work that has something to do with genes and is perceived by many people as unnatural. This is because manipulation tends to have negative connotations and is generally understood as an inscrutable, skilful procedure.
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