A term commonly used in Germany for larger vineyards or wineries, usually owned by the state. Some were created there in the 19th century during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1815) from the secularised property of the church, particularly under the rule of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), but also later towards the end of the century. The aim of these "model/teaching wineries" was, and in some cases still is, to spread modern winegrowing production methods among winegrowers. This was done by trialling new methods in the vineyard, as well as producing and distributing grafted vines. Viticultural domains were/are:
For me, Lexicon from wein.plus is the most comprehensive and best source of information about wine currently available.
Egon Mark
Diplom-Sommelier, Weinakademiker und Weinberater, Volders (Österreich)