Also known as "commercial tannins", these are chemical substances obtained by extraction from wood and fruit. The grape-derived (flavanoid) tannins obtained from grape seeds or pomace (press residue) are very similar to the natural tannin in red wine. The second group is obtained from fruits such as gall apples or woods such as oak, chestnutor quebracho (trees and shrubs from South America). These are known as wood-borne (hydrolysable) tannins, or ellagic tannins, because they decompose through oxidation and acid hydrolysis to form degradation products such as ellagic acid zersetzen.
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