Designation for a generative, i.e. sexual reproduction with parenthood of at least two different grape varieties, as is the case, for example, with the new breeding of grape varieties One variety acts as a mother plant, from which the berries ripen with the fertilised seeds, while the other variety, as the father variety, provides the pollen for pollination of the scars and fertilisation of the maternal seed systems (see also detailed information under Flowering and Hermaphrodites). Since the mid-1990s, it has become a worldwide standard to determine the parentage of grape varieties by DNA analysis. It is also possible to determine the crossing direction (who was the mother variety, who was the father variety). When crossing parents are indicated, the mother variety is always mentioned first in the breeding lists. Four new breeds: