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Mutation

Mutations (lat. mutare "to change, to transform") are changes to the genetic information in the genome of the cell nuclei of plant and animal organisms that occur spontaneously in nature and play an important role in evolution. These usually occur selectively (point mutations), but can also involve larger sections of DNA (deletion, insertion, chromosome breaks). If the mutations occur in the germline, they are passed on to the next generation. If the organism is not cloned (in plants such as grapes by vegetative propagation) or not passed on by reproduction (outgrowth of a grape seed), the mutations accumulated in the cell nuclei with increasing age disappear with the natural death of the organism. Only a small percentage of spontaneously occurring mutations have positive effects; many mutations remain silent or only express themselves minimally or gradually. Since the end of the 20th century, mutations have also been artificially induced by means of genetic manipulation.

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freier Autor und Weinberater (Fine, Vinum u.a.), Bad Krozingen

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