Viroids

Viroids are infectious, virus-like entities which, unlike viruses, consist of a short, ring-shaped RNA strand without a protein coat and are therefore proteinless. They occur exclusively in plants and can also cause a range of plant diseases. Viroids have no genes for proteins, but influence the gene expression (gene activity) of the host cell at the molecular level. As with viruses, they are spread by vegetative propagation of the vines, via plant sap or tools, less frequently by insects. Several viroid-like pathogens have also been described in grapevines, some of which cause symptoms similar to viral diseases. See also under microorganisms, vine enemies and plant protection.

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