By far the smallest Italian region lies on the border with France and Switzerland. The area is enclosed in a horseshoe shape by the Valais and Cottian Alps. A geographical island with many old, autochthonous grape varieties is formed with the neighbouring Italian Swiss Valais (see under Old vines).
Viticulture was already practised by the indigenous Salassi people. In 25 BC, the Romans founded the fortress "Augusta Prätoria" (today's capital Aosta) and controlled the Alpine passes over the Little and Great St Bernard from here. They also brought their wine culture with them. After the Romans came the Benedictines and Cistercians, who painstakingly carved terraces into the rocky slopes. From the 9th century onwards, the Aosta Valley repeatedly came under French influence as part of the two former kingdoms of Burgundy and Savoy. The bilingualism that still exists today, which also appears on the labels of the wines, dates back to this time.
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