The Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek Oʻzbekiston) with its capital Tashkent in the heart of Central Asia covers 448,978 km². It borders Kazakhstan to the north, Kyrgyzstan to the north-east, Tajikistan to the south-east, Afghanistan to the south and Turkmenistan to the south-west. The former USSR state became sovereign following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Uzbekistan has an ancient wine-growing and wine culture. Grapes were grown in the Ferghana Valley as early as the 6th century BC and were supplied to the Chinese Empire. This is evidenced by cultivated grape seeds found near Samarkand dating back to the 5th century BC. Towards the end of the 7th century AD, the Arabs conquered the country and the flourishing viticulture was greatly reduced due to the religious ban on alcohol.
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