Ultraviolet radiation (UV for short, also known as black light) is electromagnetic radiation in the optical frequency range (light) with shorter wavelengths than the light visible to humans, which lies beyond the violet. It causes chemical reactions in many substances and is also involved in the formation of ozone in the atmosphere. In living organisms, this can lead to harmful changes and mutations if the exposure is prolonged.
The diagram shows the spectrum (light) visible to humans between 400 and 700 nanometres. Insects (such as bees), birds, snakes, fish and bats can also perceive light outside this range.
Due to its physical and biological properties, UV radiation is further subdivided into UV-A radiation (wavelength 400 - 315 nm), UV-B radiation (315 - 280 nm) and UV-C radiation (280 - 100 nm). UV-A radiation is directly adjacent to visible light. UV-C radiation is directly adjacent to the range of ionising radiation. The shorter the wavelength, the more energetic the radiation and the more damaging it is. Incidentally, the Italian pomologist Alberto Piròvano (1884-1973) experimented as early as 1912 with irradiating vine cultivation material with UV light in order to deliberately induce changes in the cell material.
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