In this system, the vine stems close to the ground are spread out in a fan shape. In France it is called Éventail and in Italy Ventagli (Ventaglio), which means fan. It is mainly used in areas with frost-prone winters in Central Europe such as France and especially in Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Hungary. In this system, the arms (cordons) can easily be covered with a mechanical winter protection to protect them against frost. In the French Chablis area, several arms (cord ons) lying flat on the ground are common. On each one, a cone and short fruit shoots are cut. This allows arm parts to be easily covered with soil for frost protection. See also lists under vine training (Systems) and Vineyard care (Activities).
The glossary is a monumental achievement and one of the most important contributions to wine knowledge. Of all the encyclopaedias I use on the subject of wine, it is by far the most important. That was the case ten years ago and it hasn't changed since.
Andreas Essl
Autor, Modena