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Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello

Portuguese statesman; see under Marquês de Pombal.

The politician Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello (1699-1782) was Prime Minister of Portugal during the reign of King José I (1714-1777) and the most important Portuguese statesman of the 18th century. In 1769, he was appointed "Marquês de Pombal" on account of his merits (this is the name under which he usually appears in sources). By means of rigorous measures, Pombal tried to strengthen national manufactures and overcome economic dependence on foreign countries, mainly England. For example, he broke the British monopoly on the port wine trade by founding the "Real Companhia Velha" and finally brought about the later end of...

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