PCR

Abbreviation for "polymerase chain reaction". It is used in biological and medical laboratories for a variety of different tasks, for example for the detection of hereditary diseases and viral infections, the creation and verification of genetic fingerprints (as part of criminal investigations), the cloning of genes and for parentage opinions (paternity tests). Among other things, it can be used to detect various viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 (Corona) or HIV (AIDS). The method was invented in 1983 by the American biochemist Kary Mullis (1944-2019), who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for it in 1993. In this process, a short, precisely defined part of a DNA strand (gene or just a part of a gene) is artificially amplified with the help of an enzyme called DNA polymerase. In the context of viticulture, this is used to determine the origin or identity of grape varieties within the framework of molecular genetic analyses. Furthermore, it can be used to detect various vine diseases caused by viruses. Other test methods for the detection of diseases are ELISA and indexing. See a list of all diseases and pests under vine enemies.

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