Organelles

Term for functionally distinguishable cell areas, each of which fulfils a specific task. They occur in all eukaryotes, i.e. in living organisms with a real cell nucleus. These include, for example, humans, animals, plants, fungi and algae. Cell structures that are not membrane-enveloped, such as ribosomes, are also counted as organelles due to their specialised function, although they are sometimes excluded from the narrow definition. Organelles perform specialised tasks within the cell and can be compared in their function with the organs (e.g. heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, stomach) in the human body.

Schematic representation of a plant cell with organelles

The schematic diagram shows 13 central components of a plant cell, which are known as organelles. These are structurally delimitable, mostly membrane-enveloped areas within the cell, each with specific functions. Only four of them contain DNA; these are the chloroplasts (1), the mitochondria (2), the amyloplasts (4) and the cell nucleus (5). Over 99% of all genetic information is found in the cell nucleus. The size or extent of the organelles in the diagram does not correspond to their actual significance or DNA content.

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Schematic representation of a plant cell with organelles

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