female Cultivars/Grapes

English name for ; see there.

As a rule, cultivated vines are monoecious (male and female flowers on the same plant), whereas wild vines are dioecious (separate on different plants). The cultivated monoecious vine has hermaphrodite flowers, i.e. the male and female sexual organs are united in one flower. The purely female wild vines have played an important role in the development of grape varieties.

Blüte - Graphik

The picture on the left shows a closed vine flower, the picture in the middle shows the shedding of the cap before pollination and the picture on the right shows the flower bud in full bloom shortly before pollination or fertilisation. 1 = five-lobed corolla (cap), 2 = stigma, 3 = anther, 4 = stamen, 5 = pistil, 6 = ovary, 7 = nectaries (honey glands), 8 = calyx.

Cross-fertilisation

They were dependent on cross-fertilisation and at best they were fertilised by another grape variety, which ruled out inbreeding problems. When a grape seed germinated into a seedling, a new grape variety was created through this natural crossbreeding. In the case of self-pollination (self-fertilisation), negative inbreeding effects generally result in rather inferior offspring. Nature has protected itself from this, so to speak, through dioeciousness or self-sterility, because these were more viable. This is because fertilisation with foreign genes leads to positive heterosis effects (changes compared to the parents) in the offspring.

Fertilisation mainly takes place via winds from nearby vines with pollen from hermaphrodite flowers. If necessary, strong-flowering varieties are planted in the vineyard as cross-pollinators in or...

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