Term (also headspace) for the unoccupied space above the wine level in a container. This is mainly caused by shrinkage in wooden barrels. However, the empty space is not actually empty, but filled with water and alcohol vapour, released carbon dioxide and air (oxygen). To prevent oxidation, the wine is regularly topped up with wine of the same type. In the case of stainless steel tanks and bottles, the empty space is filled with inert gas or sealed under vacuum to remove the air (oxygen).

The empty space in the neck of the bottle is also an important quality criterion. Shrinkage here indicates a defective closure and thus spoilage due to the influence of oxygen. An optimum filling level in the bottle is important. The free space above the liquid level in fermentation containers is known as the rising space.
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Markus J. Eser
Weinakademiker und Herausgeber „Der Weinkalender“