The presidential Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia) in the far north-west of South America with the capital Bogotá covers 1,141,748 km². The country's name is derived from Christopher Columbus (1451-1506). Colombia borders both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea and, on the mainland, Panama to the north-west, Venezuela to the east, Brazil to the south-east, Peru to the south and Ecuador to the south-west.
The country has a recent history of viticulture, as the first vineyards were only planted in the 1920s. Before that, sweet, alcohol-enriched wines and spirits were mainly imported from Spain. In 1984, the import of non-Latin American wines was banned. The climate is tropical with long dry periods between December and March, and June and September. Downy mildew is a major threat to viticulture.
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