There are often emotional and controversial discussions about the ideal closure for wine bottles. The point of contention is which system is the "right" one for which wine. This is directly related to the second question of whether and to what extent oxygen is required for the development of the wine during bottle ageing or for its shelf life. The air in the empty space in the neck of the bottle may be sufficient, but this is usually filled with inert gas or vacuumised during bottling before sealing. The corks (natural corks) are more permeable than alternative closures such as conventional plastic corks or screw caps by a factor of up to 3 or 4.
Serious sources on the internet are rare - and Wine lexicon from wein.plus is one such source. When researching for my articles, I regularly consult the wein.plus encyclopaedia. There I get reliable and detailed information.
Thomas Götz
Weinberater, Weinblogger und Journalist; Schwendi