The vineyard is located in the commune of Saint-Julien in the Médoc(Bordeaux). The estate, which arose from a division of the Beychevelle barony, was acquired by the eponymous Bertrand Ducru in 1795. The second part of the name is derived from the pebble soil (beau caillou = beautiful pebble). In the 1855 Bordeaux classification, it was awarded second place (Deuxième Grand Cru Classé). The classification is said to be due to the fact that Ducru-Beaucaillou was constantly served during the meetings of the classification committee.

In 1866, the estate was acquired by the Johnson family, who sold it to Desbartes de Burke in 1928. It was finally acquired by Francis Borie (1890-1953) in 1941. His son Jean-Eugène Borie (1921-1998) then developed it into a top wine estate. Today, the estate is run by his second son Bruno Borie (the first son is François-Xavier Borie). This branch of the Borie family also owns other wine estates under the name Châteaux & Domaines Jean-Eugène Borie (see the closely intertwined Borie and Castéja family history under Borie-Manoux).
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