In Islam, the consumption of alcohol is a capital offence, alongside adultery, fornication, slander, aggravated theft and murder; under certain circumstances, this may even apply to the consumption of medicines dissolved in alcohol-based substances. Among the 20 greatest sins in Islam, the consumption of alcohol ranks thirteenth. The prohibition for devout Muslims is inextricably linked to Muhammad (570–632), the founder of Islam.
All alcoholic beverages, including wine, were thus permanently banned from almost all countries that adopted the new religion of Islam. Drinking wine (shurb al-chamr) is classified as a Hadd offence under Islamic criminal law. These are punishments imposed to protect property, public safety and public morality, and are regarded as ‘God’s legal rights’. Depending on the school of Islamic law, alcohol consumption may be punished with 40 to 80 lashes or, as in Iran, even with death in the case of a repeat offence.
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Egon Mark
Diplom-Sommelier, Weinakademiker und Weinberater, Volders (Österreich)