In grapevines, only the genus (genus) Vitis is of importance for viticulture. The genus Vitis is divided into the two subgenera Vitis sub g. Euvitis (60 species) and Vitis subg. Muscadinia (1 species). Vitis subg. Euvitis is divided into a European, an American and an Asian group according to geographical occurrence. The latter is the designation for all wild vines originating from Asia with around 30 subspecies. Several new subspecies have been described from China in recent years. The most important for viticulture are
These are mainly found in China, Japan and Korea. They are less important for winemaking, but are interesting for new varieties due to their high resistance to the hardest frost down to minus 35 °Celsius and more. The DNA structure of Asian vines consists of 19 pairs of chromosomes (2 x 19 = 38), which is why they can be crossed with all European vines (Vitis vinifera) and American vines (e.g. Vitis aestivalis, Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia, Vitis rupestris) without any problems.
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