The Republic of Armenia in the Near East with the capital Yerevan covers 29,743 km². It borders Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhichevan and Iran to the south, and Turkey to the west. The former USSR state became independent in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
The country corresponds to the north-eastern part of the formerly much larger Armenian settlement area and comprised the entire Anatolian region in the 7th century BC. Large areas have belonged to Turkey since the 15th century. Just over the border lies Mount Ararat, where, according to the Bible, Noah's ark landed after the end of the Flood. The area south of the Caucasus is part of Transcaucasia, while a smaller area belonged to ancient Mesopotamia, which extended from here to the south. This area is the origin of the cultivated vine and viticulture.
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