The red grape variety originates from Portugal. Synonyms are Amaral Preto, Azal Tinto, Azar, Cachón, Cainho Miúdo, Caíño Bravo, Caíño Tinto, Cainzinho and Sousão. Despite seemingly suggestive synonyms or morphological similarities, it must not be confused with the varieties Azal Branco, Borraçal, Melhorio, Sousão Galego, Touriga Nacional, Tinta Castañal or Vinhão (with the latter two there is a parent-offspring relationship). The parentage is unknown. According to DNA analyses carried out in 2013, it is a parent of the Caíño Blanco and Loureiro varieties. The late-maturing, rather low-yielding vine is often grown on pergolas. It produces a colourful, acid-rich and powerful red wine that is mostly used for blends. The variety is grown in the Douro, Beira Interior and Minho or Vinho Verde areas. The declining area under cultivation was only 93 hectares in 2016 (Kym Anderson).
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