Alcohol level

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The amount of alcohol contained in venous blood (BAC), expressed in milligrams per gram or per mille (1 per mille = 1 g of alcohol in 1 kg of blood or 1 mg/g). The measurement is carried out in serum (blood without blood cells and coagulation factors) and is converted to blood alcohol content. The enzyme ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) is used to determine the blood alcohol content. This makes it possible to determine any impairment of the ability to concentrate and judgement caused by alcohol. The taking of a blood sample can be enforced by a court (not enforceable in Austria, but legally follows as if you had been heavily intoxicated).

Widmark formula

The Swedish chemist Erik Widmark (1889-1945) developed the "Widmark formula" named after him in 1922 to determine the BAC. However, there are other calculation methods named after the "inventors" (Seidel, Ullrich, Watson), which take into account body weight, gender, body length and age. The Widmark formula is used as the basis for electronic BAC analysers. With the help of this formula, the blood alcohol content can be calculated with an accuracy of plus/minus 0.1 per mille: c = A / (r * G)

c: blood alcohol content in per mille
A: absorbed alcohol in grams
r: distribution factor in the body (water in the body) = 0.7 for men and 0.6 for women
G: body weight in kilograms

Alcohol absorption in the human body

As alcohol is only soluble in water, it is not distributed in the bones and fatty tissue, so this body...

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